DoTOEFL iBT® Scores Reflect Improvement in English-Language Proficiency? Extending the TOEFL iBT Validity Argument

Is There Any Interaction Between Background Knowledge and Language Proficiency That Affects TOEFL iBT® Reading Performance?

Automated Subscores for TOEFL iBT Independent Essays

Construct validity in TOEFL iBT speaking tasks: Insights from natural language processing

This study explores the construct validity of speaking tasks included in the TOEFL iBT (e.g., integrated and independent speaking tasks). Specifically, advanced natural language processing (NLP) tools, MANOVA difference statistics, and discriminant function analyses (DFA) are used to assess the degree to which and in what ways responses to these tasks differ with regard to linguistic characteri...

Iranian TOEFL iBT and the IELTS Teachers’ Views on the Structure of the TOEFL iBT and IELTS Receptive and Productive Sections in terms of Dynamic and Static Assessment

This mixed-methods design study investigated Iranian TOEFL iBT and IELTS teachers’ views on thestructure of the TOEFL iBT and IELTS receptive and productive sections from the yardsticks of dynamic and static assessment. It also examined the conformity level of the receptive and productive sections of TOEFL iBT and IELTS to dynamic assessment and static assessment standards. To achieve the objec...

Factor Structure of the TOEFL Internet-Based Test (iBT): Exploration in a Field Trial Sample

The present study investigated the factor structure of a field trial sample of the Test of English as a Foreign LanguageTM Internet-based test (TOEFL iBT). An item-level confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted for a polychoric correlation matrix of items on a test form completed by 2,720 participants in the 2003–2004 TOEFL iBT Field Study. CFA-based multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) analys...